Institutional Reform processes go hand in hand with policy and legislation. Policy and legislation would be ineffective unless according to harmonization processes institutional reforms are also carried out. This is because when new laws are made and integrated into existing processes the roles and responsibilities of some organizations are modified or revised. This toolkit will look at why and how institutional reforms should be carried out, the definition of institutional roles and responsibility and a selection of case studies will also be made available for viewing that shows how such processes were carried out elsewhere. At times these documents do not specifically talk about IWRM, none the less, users can draw a lot from the processes mentioned in these documents and use them to address IWRM and water reforms.

How and WhyThis section of the toolkit provides resources and documents that we hope will give the user an insight into institutional reform processes, especially why they are necessary and how they can implemented. In order to demonstrate these principles more clearly global case studies are also presented in the following sections. Institutional reform is necessary in order to put into action the reforms developed through policy and legislation processes.

1) Water Policy Briefing- Building High Performance Knowledge Institutions for Water Management.(IWMI-TATA- Water Policy)
2)GEF-IWCAM-legislative Toolkit for Institutional, Policy & Legislative Improvements in support of the IWCAM approach in Caribbean SIDS (GEF-IWCAM)
3) Institutional Development: Learning by doing and sharing- Approaches and tools for supporting Institutional Development (European Centre for Development Policy Management)
4) Governing Water Wisely
5) Sanitation Policies.

Redefining Roles and ResponsibilitiesOnce policy and legislation has come into effect and institutional reforms are clearly outlined, it becomes clear how the role and responsibility of water management will be distributed, what will be the order or hierarchy of water management and who will be the key players. These documents in this section have been selected to give

1) Working Paper 107. “Institutional Adaptation” for Integrated Water Resources Management: An Effective Strategy for Managing Asian River Basins. D. J. Bandaragoda. International Water Management Institute
2) Chapter 4-Methods & Processes. FAO Corporate Document Repository
3) TEC Background Paper No.6: Risk and Integrated Water Management.

Global Case StudiesThe Global Case studies presented in this section provide an overview of what other countries and regions have done to bring about institutional reforms in the water sector to accommodate for IWRM. It also shows how they have achieved this; problems and hurdles are also highlighted in these documents. These documents have been provided so users can be better equipped to deal with similar situations here in the Pacific.

1) Working Paper 108. Status of Institutional Reforms for Integrated Water Resources Management in Asia: Indications from Policy Reviews in Five Countries. D. J. Bandaragoda. International Water Management Institute
2) Water Governance Reforms in the Kyrgyz Republic. Elke Herrfahrdt.
3) Technical Committee Policy Brief 2- Water and Sustainable Development: Lessons from Chile
4) Mapping of Integrity and Accountability in water activities and relevant capacities in the SADC region.(UNDP, Cap Net, SIWI and Water Governance Facility)
5) Guidelines for Legislative and Institutional Reforms Needed for the Implementation of IWRM at National Level in ESCWA Region (ESCWA)
6) Indonesia's Water Resources Policy Reform  Process

Pacific ReformsIn this section the list of resources chosen are from the Pacific Island countries and portray water reforms that these countries are looking to implement. These reforms have been thoroughly researched and designed to the needs of the individual countries. Not many of the Pacific Island countries have undergone such reforms, only a handful has developed such reform strategies.

1) European Union and SOPAC programme for Water Governance. Fiji Water Resources Management at National Level- Chapter Five : Institutional Reform (Water Policy Services Pty Ltd. Sydney)
2)  European Union and SOPAC programme for Water Governance. Fiji Water Resources Management at National Level- : Final Report (Water Policy Services Pty Ltd. Sydney)
3) European Union and SOPAC programme for Water Governance. Fiji Water Resources Management at National Level-Final Report Chapter two: Proposed Water Reform Strategy (Water Policy Services Pty Ltd. Sydney)
4) Coastal Governance in Solomon Islands: An Evaluation of the Strategic Governance issues relating to Coastal Management.