GEOSCIENCE DIVISION
Map Cook Islands Federated Sates of Micronesia Fiji Kiribati Nauru Niue Papua New Guinea Republic of Marshall Islands Republic of Palau Samoa Solomon Islands Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu
Country
Population
Land Area
Climate
Water resource
Water consumption
Country Cook Islands Cook Islands
Population 21,750 (July 2007 est.)
Land Area 236.7 km2
Climate
Water resource
Water consumption
Country Federated Sates of Micronesia Federated Sates of Micronesia
Population 107,862 (July 2007 est.)
Land Area 702 km2
Climate
Water resource Avg Rainfall: 4,928 mm per annum
Water consumption
Country Fiji Fiji
Population 918 675 (July 2007 est.)
Land Area 18,270 km2
Climate
Water resource Avg Rainfall: 2000 - 3000 mm per annum
Water consumption
Country Kiribati Kiribati
Population 107,817 (July 2007 est.)
Land Area 811 km2
Climate
Water resource Avg Rainfall: South of the equator: 1,300 mm Tarawa: 2,000 mm Northernmost islands: over 3,200mm Eastern Line Islands: less than 1,000 mm
Water consumption
Country Nauru Nauru
Population 11,528 (July 2007 est.)
Land Area 21 km2
Climate
Water resource Avg Rainfall: 2,090 mm per annum
Water consumption
Country Niue Niue
Population 1,625m(GoN statistics 2006)
Land Area 260 km2
Climate
Water resource Avg Rainfall: 2,180 mm per annum
Water consumption
Country Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea
Population 5,795,887 (July 2007 est.)
Land Area 462,840 km2
Climate
Water resource Avg Rainfall:1000-80000 mm per annum
Water consumption
Country Republic of Marshall Islands Republic of Marshall Islands
Population 20,842
Land Area 458 km2
Climate
Water resource Avg Rainfall: 3,700 mm per annum
Water consumption
Country Republic of Palau Republic of Palau
Population 61,815(July 2007 est.)
Land Area 11,854.3 km2
Climate
Water resource Avg Rainfall: Southern attols: 4,000mm Northern attols:2,000 mm per annum
Water consumption
Country Samoa Samoa
Population 214,265
Land Area 2,944 km2
Climate
Water resource Avg Rainfall: 3,000 mm per annum
Water consumption
Country Solomon Islands Solomon Islands
Population 566,842
Land Area 28,450 km2
Climate
Water resource Avg Rainfall:1500-5000 mm per annum
Water consumption
Country Tonga Tonga
Population 116,921
Land Area 748 km2
Climate
Water resource Avg Rainfall: Varies from north and south of tonga with an estimated average of 2500 mm per annum
Water consumption
Country Tuvalu Tuvalu
Population 11.992 (July 2007 est.)
Land Area 26 km2
Climate
Water resource Avg Rainfall: 3000mm per annum
Water consumption
Country Vanuatu Vanuatu
Population 211,971 (July 2007 est.)
Land Area 12,200 km2
Climate
Water resource Avg Rainfall: 2000 - 4000 mm per annum
Water consumption
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Institutional Reform Processes for Integrated Water Resource Management
Institutional Reform processes go hand in hand with policy and legislation. Policy and legislation would be ineffective unless according to harmonization processes institutional reforms are also carried out. This is because when new laws are made and integrated into existing processes the roles and responsibilities of some organizations are modified or revised. This toolkit will look at why and how institutional reforms should be carried out, the definition of institutional roles and responsibility and a selection of case studies will also be made available for viewing that shows how such processes were carried out elsewhere. At times these documents do not specifically talk about IWRM, none the less, users can draw a lot from the processes mentioned in these documents and use them to address IWRM and water reforms.

How and WhyThis section of the toolkit provides resources and documents that we hope will give the user an insight into institutional reform processes, especially why they are necessary and how they can implemented. In order to demonstrate these principles more clearly global case studies are also presented in the following sections. Institutional reform is necessary in order to put into action the reforms developed through policy and legislation processes.

1) Water Policy Briefing- Building High Performance Knowledge Institutions for Water Management.(IWMI-TATA- Water Policy)
2)GEF-IWCAM-legislative Toolkit for Institutional, Policy & Legislative Improvements in support of the IWCAM approach in Caribbean SIDS (GEF-IWCAM)
3) Institutional Development: Learning by doing and sharing- Approaches and tools for supporting Institutional Development (European Centre for Development Policy Management)
4) Governing Water Wisely
5) Sanitation Policies.

Redefining Roles and ResponsibilitiesOnce policy and legislation has come into effect and institutional reforms are clearly outlined, it becomes clear how the role and responsibility of water management will be distributed, what will be the order or hierarchy of water management and who will be the key players. These documents in this section have been selected to give

1) Working Paper 107. “Institutional Adaptation” for Integrated Water Resources Management: An Effective Strategy for Managing Asian River Basins. D. J. Bandaragoda. International Water Management Institute
2) Chapter 4-Methods & Processes. FAO Corporate Document Repository
3) TEC Background Paper No.6: Risk and Integrated Water Management.

Global Case StudiesThe Global Case studies presented in this section provide an overview of what other countries and regions have done to bring about institutional reforms in the water sector to accommodate for IWRM. It also shows how they have achieved this; problems and hurdles are also highlighted in these documents. These documents have been provided so users can be better equipped to deal with similar situations here in the Pacific.

1) Working Paper 108. Status of Institutional Reforms for Integrated Water Resources Management in Asia: Indications from Policy Reviews in Five Countries. D. J. Bandaragoda. International Water Management Institute
2) Water Governance Reforms in the Kyrgyz Republic. Elke Herrfahrdt.
3) Technical Committee Policy Brief 2- Water and Sustainable Development: Lessons from Chile
4) Mapping of Integrity and Accountability in water activities and relevant capacities in the SADC region.(UNDP, Cap Net, SIWI and Water Governance Facility)
5) Guidelines for Legislative and Institutional Reforms Needed for the Implementation of IWRM at National Level in ESCWA Region (ESCWA)
6) Indonesia's Water Resources Policy Reform  Process

Pacific ReformsIn this section the list of resources chosen are from the Pacific Island countries and portray water reforms that these countries are looking to implement. These reforms have been thoroughly researched and designed to the needs of the individual countries. Not many of the Pacific Island countries have undergone such reforms, only a handful has developed such reform strategies.

1) European Union and SOPAC programme for Water Governance. Fiji Water Resources Management at National Level- Chapter Five : Institutional Reform (Water Policy Services Pty Ltd. Sydney)
2)  European Union and SOPAC programme for Water Governance. Fiji Water Resources Management at National Level- : Final Report (Water Policy Services Pty Ltd. Sydney)
3) European Union and SOPAC programme for Water Governance. Fiji Water Resources Management at National Level-Final Report Chapter two: Proposed Water Reform Strategy (Water Policy Services Pty Ltd. Sydney)
4) Coastal Governance in Solomon Islands: An Evaluation of the Strategic Governance issues relating to Coastal Management.