GEOSCIENCE DIVISION
Map Cook Islands Federated Sates of Micronesia Fiji Kiribati Nauru Niue Papua New Guinea Republic of Marshall Islands Republic of Palau Samoa Solomon Islands Tonga Tuvalu Vanuatu
Country
Population
Land Area
Climate
Water resource
Water consumption
Country Cook Islands Cook Islands
Population 21,750 (July 2007 est.)
Land Area 236.7 km2
Climate
Water resource
Water consumption
Country Federated Sates of Micronesia Federated Sates of Micronesia
Population 107,862 (July 2007 est.)
Land Area 702 km2
Climate
Water resource Avg Rainfall: 4,928 mm per annum
Water consumption
Country Fiji Fiji
Population 918 675 (July 2007 est.)
Land Area 18,270 km2
Climate
Water resource Avg Rainfall: 2000 - 3000 mm per annum
Water consumption
Country Kiribati Kiribati
Population 107,817 (July 2007 est.)
Land Area 811 km2
Climate
Water resource Avg Rainfall: South of the equator: 1,300 mm Tarawa: 2,000 mm Northernmost islands: over 3,200mm Eastern Line Islands: less than 1,000 mm
Water consumption
Country Nauru Nauru
Population 11,528 (July 2007 est.)
Land Area 21 km2
Climate
Water resource Avg Rainfall: 2,090 mm per annum
Water consumption
Country Niue Niue
Population 1,625m(GoN statistics 2006)
Land Area 260 km2
Climate
Water resource Avg Rainfall: 2,180 mm per annum
Water consumption
Country Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea
Population 5,795,887 (July 2007 est.)
Land Area 462,840 km2
Climate
Water resource Avg Rainfall:1000-80000 mm per annum
Water consumption
Country Republic of Marshall Islands Republic of Marshall Islands
Population 20,842
Land Area 458 km2
Climate
Water resource Avg Rainfall: 3,700 mm per annum
Water consumption
Country Republic of Palau Republic of Palau
Population 61,815(July 2007 est.)
Land Area 11,854.3 km2
Climate
Water resource Avg Rainfall: Southern attols: 4,000mm Northern attols:2,000 mm per annum
Water consumption
Country Samoa Samoa
Population 214,265
Land Area 2,944 km2
Climate
Water resource Avg Rainfall: 3,000 mm per annum
Water consumption
Country Solomon Islands Solomon Islands
Population 566,842
Land Area 28,450 km2
Climate
Water resource Avg Rainfall:1500-5000 mm per annum
Water consumption
Country Tonga Tonga
Population 116,921
Land Area 748 km2
Climate
Water resource Avg Rainfall: Varies from north and south of tonga with an estimated average of 2500 mm per annum
Water consumption
Country Tuvalu Tuvalu
Population 11.992 (July 2007 est.)
Land Area 26 km2
Climate
Water resource Avg Rainfall: 3000mm per annum
Water consumption
Country Vanuatu Vanuatu
Population 211,971 (July 2007 est.)
Land Area 12,200 km2
Climate
Water resource Avg Rainfall: 2000 - 4000 mm per annum
Water consumption
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Financing Integrated Water Resource Management
Financing Integrated Water Resource Management has many features. In order to get Budget Allocation for your IWRM programme there are many hurdles to go through. This is not achieved just simply by putting a paper together and presenting to the Government. Finance can be secured in many ways. A tried and tested model (International Waters Programme) in the Pacific is:

It involves firstly doing the research (Economic analysis e.g. Cost benefit analysis), followed by government submissions (High Level Engagement- more documents on this can be found in the HLE toolkit) and this is followed through with building awareness (engaging with media- more documents on this can be found in the engaging with media toolkit). In the successful cases such as Tuvalu and Kiribati (IWP) the above model was followed. However there wasn’t complete reliance on government funding and outside donors were also approached for the projects.
In this toolkit you can find information on how to finance IWRM, what is involved in Setting Water Tariffs, how to put a value on water and you will find case studies that illustrate how IWRM financing can be achieved.

How to Finance Integrated Water Resource ManagementThis section has resources that will give a detailed explanation on how to Finance an IWRM project. It explores how financing has been achieved in other sectors and this can similarly be applied to IWRM. A Financing strategy has many aspects as mentioned in the introduction and there is no one model that suits everyone or every project. It is good to get a general picture of how this can be achieved and apply it to individual situations as per case basis.  

1) Technical Paper No.12 : Water Financing and Governance (GWP)
2) Valuing the environment in small islands. An Environmental Economics Toolkit Joint Nature Conservation Society       (7-9)
3) UNDP/GEF Guidelines Developing Integrated Financing Strategies for sustainable Land Management. An Introduction for Least Developed Countries & SID states
4) Making Water a Part of Economic Development. The Economic Benefits of Improved Water Management and Services (SIWI)
5) Flow- Essentials of Environmental Flows

Setting TariffsSetting Tariffs is an important part of Financing and it ties in with Water Use Efficiency planning in terms of Pricing and user pay strategies. The resources put together given an over view of how committees in the water sector have decided on tariffs based on their individual cases, the principles used to determine the tariff rate. (More resources in the case study section)

1) Pay – Establishing payments for watershed services (IUCN)
2) February 2007.  Urban Water Charging Stock take. Water Storage & Delivery Charges in Urban Water sector in Australia. (NWI Steering Group on Water Charges)
3) February 2007.  Rural Water Charging Stock take. Water Storage & Delivery Charges in the rural water sector in Australia. (NWI Steering Group on Water Charges)
4) Water as an Economic Good & Demand Management. Paradigms with Pitfalls. International Water Resources Association
5) Water is an economic good. How to use prices to promote equity, Efficiency & sustainability. Water policy 4(2002) 1-17
6) National Performance framework. 2006 urban performance reporting Indications & definitions, a handbook for WSAA members Water Services    Associations of Australia, NWC & the NWI Parties
7) Pricing of water and water services

Valuating WaterPutting a value on water resources is not an easy task. The documents here showcase how the experts have decided the approach should be taken on valuing water. There are documents that reflect upon the Pacific setting and those that speak generally about global ecosystems. Inspiration can be drawn from both set of documents and applied to individual country needs.

1) Valuing the environment in small islands. An Environmental Economics Toolkit Joint Nature Conservation Society.
2) Valuing the environment in small islands. An Environmental Economics Toolkit Joint Nature Conservation Society. JNCC (4-6)
3) Value – Counting Ecosystems as water Infrastructure (WANI)
4) Environmental Economics Toolkit – UNDP Analysing the Economic costs of Land Degradation & and the benefits of sustainable Land Management. (UNEP)
5) TAC Background Papers No.2 : WATER AS A Social and Economic Good- How to Put the principle into practice (GWP)
6) Money grows on trees. Valuing and sustaining natural resources in Pacific Island Countries. Report prepared by The Nature Conservancy, SPREP and the Forum Secretariat.
7) Economics in Sustainable Water Management- Training Manual and  Facilitators Guide (Cap- Net 2008)

Case StudiesThee case studies here show some examples of valuation and economic analysis of themes related to IWRM in Pacific Island Countries and other regions. There are also case studies on financing and how cost recovery can be managed. All in all the case studies provide a detailed picture of how the themes talked about in this toolkit can be put into practice.

1) An economic valuation of watershed pollution in Rarotonga, the Cook Islands By Stefan Hajkowicz and Petero Okotai IWP-Pacific Technical Report (International Waters Project) no. 18
2) Economic costs of waste in Tonga By Padma Lal and Lilieta Takau IWP-Pacific Technical Report (International Waters Project) no. 33
3) EU EDF – SOPAC Project Report Reducing Vulnerability of Pacific ACP States Samoa Technical Report – Economic analysis of flood risk reduction measures for the lower Vaisigano Catchment area February 2008
4) Economic cost scenarios for solid waste-related pollution in Palau By Stefan Hajkowicz, Kyonori Tellames and Joseph Aitaro IWP-Pacific Technical Report (International Waters Project) no. 28
5) Economics of liquid waste management in Funafuti, Tuvalu. By Padma Lal, Kalesoma Saloa and Falealili Uili. IWP-Pacific Technical Report (International Waters Project) no. 36
6) Wetland Valuation Issues Paper #1: May 2003 valuing Wetlands in Decision Making: Where are we now? Issue paper a wetland
7) Financing & Cost Recovery (IRC)